How To Make Red Cabbage pH Paper Test Strips

Its easy, safe, and fun to make your own pH paper test strips. This is a project that kids can do and that can be done from home, though calibrated test strips would work in a lab, too. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: 15 minutes plus drying time Heres How Cut a red cabbage (or purple) into pieces such that it will fit into a blender. Chop the cabbage, adding the minimum amount of water needed to blend it (because you want the juice as concentrated as possible). If you dont have a blender, then use a vegetable grater or chop your cabbage using a knife.Microwave the cabbage until its at the boiling point. Youll see the liquid boil or else steam rising from the cabbage. If you dont have a microwave, soak the cabbage in a small volume of boiling water or else heat the cabbage using another method.Allow the cabbage to cool (about 10 minutes).Filter the liquid from the cabbage through a filter paper or coffee filter. It should be deeply colored.Soak a filter paper or coffee filter in this liquid. Allow it to dry. Cut the dry colored paper into test strips.Use a dropper or toothpick to apply a little liquid to a test strip. The color range for acids and bases will depend on the particular plant. If you like, you can construct a chart of pH a nd colors using liquids with a known pH so that you can then test unknowns. Examples of acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), vinegar, and lemon juice. Examples of bases include sodium or potassium hydroxide (NaOH or KOH) and baking soda solution.Another way to use your pH paper is as a color-change paper. You can draw on pH paper using a toothpick or cotton swab that has been dipped in an acid or base. Tips If you dont want colored fingers, soak only half of the filter paper with the cabbage juice, leaving the other side uncolored. Youll get less usable paper, but you will have a place to grab it.Many plants produce pigments that can be used as pH indicators. Try this project with some of the other common home and garden indicators. What You Need Red CabbageFilter Paper or Coffee FiltersBlender - optionalMicrowave - optionalDropper or Toothpicks - optional

The Problem Of Emergency Department Overcrowding - 1300 Words

The US has a very larger number of uninsured patients in our health care system. Uninsured patients are those individuals without private or public insurance coverage. Compared to medically insured patients, the uninsured tend to delay seeking care until their medical conditions are more advanced, complicated, and costly to treat. Uninsured patients without a primary care home tend to use the Emergency Department (ED) for their primary care. Emergency Department overcrowding is a national problem worsened by ED closures, insufficient hospital bed capacity, and insufficient primary care capacity. Primary care is essential to the effective and efficient functioning of health care delivery systems, yet there is an impending crisis in the field due in part to a dysfunctional payment system (SpingerLink). Practicing primary care physicians are demoralized, retiring early, and advising others not to go into the field (Springer Link). The percentage of recent U.S. medical school graduates and residents planning to enter primary care practice is reducing to levels that will lead to serious physician shortages (SpringerLink). The reasons for this decline are caused by several factors, but a central factor has been a succession of dysfunctional payment systems that discourage proper delivery of primary care. (SpringerLink) Another factor is the stigma of receiving care at Community Health Centers (CHCs) as being inadequate, e ven though some community health centers offer aShow MoreRelatedThe Harris Health System : An Provision Of High Quality Healthcare At The Residents Of Harris County972 Words   |  4 Pagesof the problem The Harris health system is dedicated to the Harris county health district, as well as to the provision of high-quality healthcare to the residents of Harris County. The Harris County emergency department provides emergency health care to patients with or without medical insurance. 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Green Retailing A New Paradigm in Supply

Question: Discuss about the Green Retailing for A New Paradigm in Supply. Answer: 1. The Company in focus is Sainsbury Plc. Sainsbury is one of leading supermarket chains in the retail sector of United Kingdom. Management accounting is carried out in a dynamic organization to separate the financial functions from the decision-making functions. Management accounting is crucial for any organization to operate with quality and timelines (Demski 2013). However, in this case, Sainsbury being a retail organization deals in management accounting to cope with the external pressures from stakeholders and other interested groups (Adhikari, Biswas and Avittathur 2016). The importances of management accounting in Sainsbury are given as the following. Sainsbury has an effective management accounting system that provides high quality as well as timely information to the relevant people of the organization. Sainsbury has an effective management accounting system that provides high quality as well as timely information to the relevant people of the organization. Sainsbury keeps a track of its assisting managers in directing and controls the operational activities due to management accounting. Management accounting adds value to the retail organization by measuring the performance of the managers on a timely basis. Sainsbury management performance helps in raising the funds in the most suitable manner (Hope and Fraser 2013). The role of accounting policies has played an embedded decisional sustainability at all levels of management in Sainsbury. The management decision making has helped the organization in underlying motivations for corporate, social and environmental reporting (Epstein and Buhovac 2014). Financial accounting differs from managerial accounting based on the representation of the external and internal environment of the organization respectively. However, financial accounting depends on the company whole and its structure. It provides the information relating to the financial position and financial performance of the company (Taipaleenmki and Ikheimo 2013). On the other hand, managerial accounting, also known by analytical accounting' measures, collects, transmits and processes the information for planning. Moreover, it helps in preparing and analysing budgets for internal reports (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). 2. Cost accounting is based on the systematic analysis of the recording of expenses to determine the cost of each product or service provided by the organisation. Cost accounting is beneficial for the management to fix prices, economise on costs, and maximise profits (Drury 2013). However, classification of costs will enable to provide effective control over decision-making. The different types of cost classification are: By time (Pre-Determined and Historical) Historical costs are determined when the production of a product is done to verify concerning actual operations. Pre-determined costs are based on the specification of all factors based on estimated costs and standard costs. Nevertheless, standard costs are entered with caution as compared to estimated costs (Kiney and Raiborn 2012). By nature or elements (Material, Labour and Expenses) The material is the substance used for the product. However, material costs can be direct and indirect. The direct material will be the cost of part of finished goods observable to its units like components purchased, primary packing, etc. The indirect material is used in ancillary production assigned to specify the physical units such as oil, stationary material, convenient stores, etc. (Needles and Crosson 2013). Labour cost can be distinguished from direct labour and indirect labour. Direct labour can be defined as the wages to labour whereas indirect labour is the labour employed in carrying out a particular task such as wages of the foreman, supervisors, inspectors, etc. (Drury 2013). Expenses can be of two types- direct expenses on specific cost units like design and drawing, hiring of employment or any tool, fees paid to consultants, etc. and indirect expenses that are not directly allocated to cost centres like rent, taxes, insurance, lighting and heating, depreciation, etc. Figure 1 below will depict the various elements of cost. Figure 1 Various elements of Cost Source: (ICSI 2014) By degree of traceability (Indirect and Direct) Indirect costs also known by common costs are difficult to trace to a single product while direct costs are traceable to a single, or a costing unit is taken for some activity. Indirect costs can be the costs incurred in the powerhouse whereas, regarding the product concerned in the powerhouse, the supervisory salaries and fuel cost are direct costs (Su 2013). Association with the product (Period and Product) Period costs are the costs that are used for running the business like rents, salaries, selling and administrative costs, etc. Product costs, on the other hand, are products that are included in inventory values like direct labour, manufacturing overheads, etc. (Drury 2013) By function (Administrative, Selling, Pre-Production, Manufacturing and Research and Development) An organization performs some functions. However, Table 1 will classify functions of costs. Functional Costs Purpose Administrative Costs Indirect costs are the costs that cover expenditures on formulating policy, controlling the operations and directing the organization. Distribution and Selling Costs They are the costs that are part of the overheads of a production unit. They are variable in terms of sales commissions and fixed regarding transporting articles to local or central storage. Pre-Production Costs The costs incurred of the trial runs for starting up a new product or a factory. Manufacturing Costs Expenditures incurred for the manufacturing division on direct materials, labour, expenses, packing, etc. Research and Development The costs incurred on the new products, process, or insights by experiment and executing results on a commercial basis. Table 1 Functional Costs Source: (ICSI 2014) Association with accounting period (Revenue and Capital) Capital and Revenue are based on the future period and current period respectively. However, costs for the future period are treated as an asset whereas costs on current period are treated as an expense (Damodaran 2012). By controllability (Non-controllable and Controllable) Controllable Cost is the cost that can be controlled by the budget holder whereas uncontrollable cost is not subject to any supervision by the managers (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). By changes in volume (Variable, Semi-variable and Fixed) Variable costs are those costs that are related directly and proportionately with the output such as direct materials or labour corresponding to the level of outputs whereas semi-variable costs are those that contain both fixed and variable costs like depreciation (Drury 2013). Fixed costs, on the other hand, are the expenses paid by the organization irrespective of any business activity. However, these costs arise with the passage of time like rent, salary, insurance, etc. (Rumble 2012). The fixed, semi-variable and variable cost can be depicted in Figure 2 below. Figure 2 Fixed, Variable and Semi-Variable Costs Source: (ICSI 2014) Costs for decision-making (Opportunity, Differential, Joint, Sunk, Marginal, Uniform, Replacement, Imputed and Common Costs) These costs are important in the management accounting to carry out the course of direction of the organization. Decision Making Costs Purpose Examples Opportunity Costs The loss of another alternative of action when one course is defined. It is often stated as the next best alternative use. Capital invested in plant and machinery cannot be invested in stock market Differential Costs The difference between the alternatives of total costs Alternative decisions and changes in output Joint Costs The two or more products are a result of factors of production. These are costs incurred at the point of separation. Budgeting cooperation between departments Sunk Costs The costs that have already been incurred and cannot be avoided by decision-making Training, hiring bonus, marketing study, etc. Marginal Costs Aggregate of variable costs Prime cost with variable overheads Uniform Costs It is useful in inter-firm comparison. The cost incurred on common procedures and principles. Differences in size of business and organization or differences in methods of production and production facilities Replacement Costs The cost of replacing one asset with other at its current value Majorly used in insurance policies to cover damage to companys assets Imputed Costs The costs that are useful while decision-making to a particular situation Interest generated on internal funds Common Costs The costs that are incurred in more than one job, product or territory. Electrical expenses, transportation and money costs Table 2 Decision-Making Costs Source: (ICSI 2014) 3. Variable Analysis Predetermined Costing is based on the determination of Variances for the evaluation of production performance. The term variances can be defined as the differences between the actual and the predetermined cost for each of the cost incurred element of a particular period. However, the term Variance Analysis can be defined as the process of analyzing variance by subdividing the total variance in a way that management can provide reasons for off-standard performance (Alex 2014). However, in this way, management can correct errors, improve operations, and organize resources more effectively to reduce costs (Mutea 2014). Variable Analysis can be evaluated based on its performance. If the variable performance analysis is, better than standard then it represents "Favourable Variance" otherwise, it represents "Unfavourable Variance" (Drury 2013). However, the variance analysis can be divided into many kinds, but broadly it can be classified into two types namely flexible-budget variance and sales volume variance. Figure 3 can summarise the types of variance analysis. Figure 3 Types of Variance Analysis Source: (Whitecotton, Libby and Phillips 2013) Flexible-budget Variances Flexible-budget variances are the difference between flexible budget amounts estimated and the actual results for the output achieved. Sales-volume Variance Sales-volume variances are the difference between static budget amounts and the flexible budget amounts (Whitecotton, Libby and Phillips 2013). The problems and limitations of variance analysis are mentioned as under. It is an unacceptable method for tax computing and external reporting. The fixed costs are not considered in the analysis. It does not consider the long-run effect where fixed costs can even become variable. The analysis is done at the end of the month, which creates issues for the management team. However, the management needs feedback on a daily basis chiefly in the production area. The other reasons that variance analysis is not located in the accounting records because the management has to sort information like labour routings, bills of material, overtime records, etc. It is based on the standard setting where actual results are compared to arbitrary standards. However, this standard setting can be determined by political bargaining such that the analysis will not yield any useful information (Lanen, Anderson and Maher 2011). Problems faced by Sainsbury The setting of budgets for one year would be an issue because variances should be calculated monthly. However, if consumable products variances are adverse, then cheaper supplies (avoid of organic suppliers) can be instituted for better performance if done on a monthly basis. However, if variances are caused due to external factors then the management can be controlled by motivating the staff to cut the costs (Olson 2011) On the other hand, variance analysis of sales revenue of Sainsbury is showing an increasing trend due to the increased promotional activities (Piercy and Evans 2014). 4. Operating budget is a method of developing financial plans for the organization. In this case, Sainsbury makes its operational budget on a yearly basis. However, annual budgets do not need to be developed for longer periods because they are important to anticipate the cash needs along with the experience with the plan. Nevertheless, operating budget is executed to scrutinize maintenance of salaries, operations, and interest payments (McWatters, and Zimmerman 2015). On the other hand, a detailed projection of income and expenses can be forecasted by sales revenue during a given period where capital outlays excluded because they are long-term costs (Dahlby and Smart 2015). There are three types of operating budgets on a day-today basis. Revenue Budget This budget helps in projecting future sales while identifying the revenues required by the organization. Expense Budget The expense budget recounts the expected expenses during the period of the budget. Three kinds of expense budgets are evaluated on operational budget namely fixed budget, variable budget and discretionary budget (this budget depends on managerial accounting judgement that is not built on certainty principles such as accounting fee and legal fees) (Hofstede 2012). Profit Budget The profit budget accompanies both the revenue and expense budgets instituted into the net and gross profits. The uses of profit budgets not only highlight the resource allocation but also check the sufficiency of expense budgets recounted to estimated revenues. According to the financial performance of the organization, it helps in assigning responsibilities to managers along with controlling activities across units (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). Benefits of Operating Budgets Projecting Future Expenses The evaluation of past expenses can help in budgeting for the coming year. On the other hand, Sainsbury estimates its last year or last quarter's results to write a new budget. Nevertheless, overestimation of the budget can lead to unnecessary costs. However, to avoid unnecessary costs, the deficiencies in the previous budget can be reallocated with overestimated reserves (Davies and Crawford 2011). Managing Current Expenses It helps in managing current operating expenses like cost of office supplies, areas of savings that can be reduced from the total budget. However, fixed overhead costs like salaries and office rent cannot be trimmed as they are the beginning point of budgets. Nevertheless, the fixed overhead costs can only be reduced based on decreasing the staff number or working hours (Drury 2013). Building Reserves An operating budget can help in reducing debt as the projected budget is made. However, a successful operating budget will help in saving, investing, and planning for unforeseen circumstances. Nevertheless, temporary setbacks can be reduced when budget assumes to keep some cash reserves (Carpenter 2013). Accountability A well-written operating budget establishes financial accountability rather than haphazard spending or losing the aim of the goals. However, Sainsbury follows the operating budget to meet its goals by ongoing involvement (Hill and Hill 2012). References Adhikari, A., Biswas, I. and Avittathur, B., 2016. Green Retailing: A New Paradigm in Supply.Handbook of Research on Strategic Supply Chain Management in the Retail Industry, p.290. Alex, K., 2012.Cost Accounting. Pearson Education India. Carpenter, T., 2013. Operating Budget Process. Dahlby, B. and Smart, M., 2015. The Structure and Presentation of Provincial Budgets.SPP Research Paper, (8-25). Damodaran, A., 2012.Investment valuation: Tools and techniques for determining the value of any asset(Vol. 666). John Wiley Sons. Davies, T. and Crawford, I., 2011.Business accounting and finance. Pearson. Demski, J., 2013.Managerial uses of accounting information. Springer Science Business Media. DRURY, C.M., 2013.Management and cost accounting. Springer. Epstein, M.J. and Buhovac, A.R., 2014.Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Hill, A. and Hill, T., 2012.Operations management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hofstede, G.H. ed., 2012.The game of budget control. Routledge. Hope, J. and Fraser, R., 2013.Beyond budgeting: how managers can break free from the annual performance trap. Harvard Business Press. ICSI 2014.Cost Managment and Accounting. Available from: https://www.icsi.in/Study%20Material%20Executive/Executive%20Programme-2013/COST%20AND%20MANAGEMENT%20ACCOUNTING%20(MODULE%20I%20PAPER%202).pdf [Accessed 18 Mar. 2016]. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Kinney, M. and Raiborn, C., 2012.Cost accounting: Foundations and evolutions. Cengage Learning. Lanen, W.N., Anderson, S.W. and Maher, M.W., 2011. Fundamentals of Cost Accountin 3e. McWatters, C.S. and Zimmerman, J.L., 2015.Management Accounting in a Dynamic Environment. Routledge. MUTEA, F.M., 2014. ACCT 219 COST ACCOUNTING. Needles, B. and Crosson, S., 2013.Managerial accounting. Cengage Learning. Olson, D.L., 2011.Supply chain risk management: tools for analysis. Business Expert Press. Piercy, N. and Evans, M., 2014.Managing Marketing Information (RLE Marketing)(Vol. 17). Routledge. Rumble, G., 2012.The costs and economics of open and distance learning. Routledge. Su, C., 2013. A Study of Cost Accounting Practices-Through Germany, Japan, and the United States. Taipaleenmki, J. and Ikheimo, S., 2013. On the convergence of management accounting and financial accountingthe role of information technology in accounting change.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,14(4), pp.321-348. Whitecotton, S., Libby, R. and Phillips, F., 2013.Managerial accounting. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Uncle Toms Cabin Essays (3240 words) - Red River Of The South

Uncle Toms Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin may never be seen as a great literary work, because of its didactic nature, but it will always be known as great literature because of the reflection of the past and the impact on the present. Harriet Beecher Stowe seemed destined to write great protest novels like Uncle Toms Cabin: her father was Lyman Beecher, a prominent evangelical preacher, and her siblings were preachers and social reformers. Born in 1811 in Litchfeild, Connecticut, Stowe moved with her family at the age of twenty-one to Cincinnati. During the eighteen years she lived there she was exposed to slavery. Although her only personal contact with the south was a brief trip to Kentucky she knew freed and fugitive slaves in Cincinnati. She also had friends who participated in the Underground Railroad. She learned about slave life by talking to these people and reading antislavery tracts. She began writing while still living in Cincinnati. In 1836, she married Calvin Ellis Stowe, a distinguished bible scholar and theological professor, and they had seven children. After marrying, Stowe continued to write supplementing her husbands limited earnings. In 1850, the United States congress voted to pass the Fugitive Slave Law, which prohibited Northerners from helping runaway slaves and required them to return the slaves to their owners in the south. Stowe having moved to Brunswick, Maine with her family had been planing to write a protest of slavery since her experiences in Cincinnati. The passage of the fugitive slave law proved a powerful catalyst. She began working on Uncle Toms Cabin and published it first in serial form in the abolitionist magazine The National Era. The first installment appeared on June 5, 1851, but before the serial could be completed, the novel come out in a two-volume set in 1852. The book became an immediate and extraordinary success, selling over one million copies in America and England before the year was out. Thus, Stowe became the most famous American female writer of her day. Because his Kentucky plantation was overrun by debt, Mr. Shelby made plans to sell one of his slaves to his chief creditor; a New Orleans slave dealer named Haley. While they were discussing the transaction, Elizas child, Harry, came into the room. Haley wanted to buy Harry to, but at first Shelby was unwilling to part with the child. Eliza listened to enough of the conversation to be frightened. She confided her fears to George Harris, her husband, a slave on an adjoining plantation. After supper in the cabin of Uncle Tom and his wife, Aunt Chloe, the Shelby slaves gathered for a meeting. They sang songs, and young George Shelby, who had eaten his supper there, read from the Bible. In the big house, Mr. Shelby signed the papers making Uncle Tom and little Harry the property of Haley. Eliza, learning her childs fate from some remarks of Mr. Shelby to his wife, fled with her child, hoping to reach Canada and safety. Uncle Tom hearing of the sale resigned himself to the wisdom of Provi dence. The next day, after Haley had discovered his loss, he set to capture Eliza; however, she had a good start. Moreover, Mrs. Shelby delayed the hunt by serving a later breakfast. When her pursuers came in sight, Eliza escaped across the Ohio River by jumping from one floating ice cake to another, young Harry in her arms. Haley hired two slave-catchers, Mark and Loker, to track Eliza across Ohio. For their trouble, she was to be given to them. They set off that night. Eliza found shelter in the home of senator and Mrs. Bird. The senator took her to the house of a man known to aid fugitive slaves. Uncle Tom, however, was not so lucky. Haley made sure Tom would not escape by shackling his ankles before taking him to the boat bound for New Orleans. When young George Shelby heard that Tom had been sold, he followed Haley on his horse. George gave Tom a dollar as a token of his sympathy and told him that he would buy him back one day. At the same time, George Harris began his escape. White enough to pass as a

The Muslim World Has Demonstrated Uncertainties Religion Essays

The Muslim World Has Demonstrated Uncertainties Religion Essays The Muslim World Has Demonstrated Uncertainties Religion Essay The Muslim World Has Demonstrated Uncertainties Religion Essay Introduction Although there are over one billion Muslims in the universe, and over 10 million in the West, most treatments of Islam are based on cliches or straight-out bias ( Akbar and Tauris, 2008 ) . The inquiry of international human rights and the Muslim reading is filled with jobs, including the Western point of view that many bookmans have recognized to the content of international instruments and to the treatment environing them. In this essay I will turn to two of import countries of the discourse around Islam and human rights, and in making so will be aware of these furnishings of human rights in Islam as viewed from my as awaited Western position. In Section 1, I will supply a critical analysis of Islamic positions of UDHR, ICCPR, and CEDAW, every bit good as Muslim justifications for the UIDHR. In Section 2, I will discourse the relationship between the Madinah ( the five pillars and the three rules of political, economic and societal establishments ) and how it formed a foundation fo r the Islamic province of Iran every bit good as the construct of the future province of Palestine. Section # 1 The cardinal international instruments codifying human rights norms are the UDHR, the ICCPR and CEDAW. The Muslim universe has demonstrated uncertainnesss in using each of these instruments. As respects the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR ) , these uncertainnesss may be partially due to a deficiency of committedness from the beginning, every bit good as a failure to expect the long-run deductions of signing such instruments. Mayer has noted that the ballots in favour by [ aˆÂ ¦ ] the little figure of Muslim states that were already UN members in 1948 did non uncover the ambivalency and cleavages that would later emerge ( 2006, p.3 ) . Although those Muslim states accepted 2nd coevals rights, they lacked both the committedness and resources to guarantee that their criterions were realized ( Mayer, 2006, p.3 ) . Many of those same Muslim states showed they were non prepared to esteem the cardinal UDHR principal of the equality of all human existences, and co ntinued know aparting against adult females, against racial and spiritual groups, against disfavored ethnicities and autochthonal peoples, and/or against the colonised peoples whom they ruled ( Mayer, 2006, p.4 ) . As respects the protection of the specific human rights of adult females, Mayer has besides commented that there are considerable Muslim reserves as respects the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women ( CEDAW ) ( 2006, p.19 ) . The 1996 ICCPR represented a move towards codification of human rights that was more representative of Eastern every bit good as Western values. Indeed, the dramatic disparity between the 1948 UDHR and the 1996 ICCPR illustrated how the really different historical experiences of Western colonists and the peoples whom they occupied affected their several human rights precedences ( Mayer, 2006, p.4 ) . This instrument is more delighting within the Muslim construct of human rights, and more easy implemented within Muslim states that the UDHR. However, the ICCPR besides included an of import article sing freedom of faith: Article 18 of the ICCPR [ aˆÂ ¦ ] to separately or in community with others and in public or private, to attest his faith or belief in worship, observation, pattern, and learning ( Witte and van der Vyyer, 1996, p.279 ) . This article is often ignored in certain Muslim states, such as Iran, where the freedom to pattern and more specifically to non pattern certa in spiritual observations is restricted. The enforcement of certain frock codifications for adult females in Iran is a cardinal illustration of this limitation. In add-on to these international instruments, the Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights ( UIDHR ) was adopted by the Islamic Council in 1981. This can be considered a consequence of the fact in which preparations of human rights have frequently been made in Islamic footings, proposing that Islam is a critical factor impacting Muslim s receptiveness to human rights constructs ( Mayer, 1998, p.1 ) . The UIDHR represents a type of Islamification of the constructs contained in the preexistent international human rights instruments. In fact, many of the same rules contained in the UDHR and the ICCPR are repeated in the UIDHR. As noted in Human Rights in Global Positions: Religious Positions, the UIDHR does incorporate the mentions found in the discourse of international jurisprudence. For illustration, Article X, titled Rights of Minorities , provinces: The Quranic rule that there is no irresistible impulse in faith shall regulate the spiritual rights of non-Muslim states. In a Muslim state, spiritual minorities shall hold the pick to be governed in regard of their civil and personal affairs by Islamic Law or by their owns Torahs. Article XIII provides every individual with the right to freedom of scruples and worship in conformity with one s spiritual beliefs, while article XII ( vitamin E ) forbids roasting, keeping in disdain, or motivating public ill will against the spiritual beliefs of others ( Witte and van der Vyyer, 1996, p.396 ) . It is unsure whether the standard value of this new codification of human rights to Muslim audiences is that its content is more dependable with Islamic values, or if it is the writing itself that is of greater importance. Sing the similarities in the substantial rights protected, one admirations if the drafting of this papers was an exercising for the Muslim universe in taking ownership of the international human rights discourse, instead than being for the intent of doing important substantial alterations to the rights and imposts recognized within. However, some substantial alterations were decidedly introduced in the content of the UIDHR. As noted in Religious Human Rights in Global Positions: Religious Positions, the UIDHR is non without its ain qualified transitions as respects freedom of look. Although article XII ( a ) provides every individual with the right to show his ideas and beliefs, it is merely so long as he remains within the bounds approved by the Law, which, in the Arabic version, reads, the Shariah, the peculiar word for Islamic jurisprudence. [ aˆÂ ¦ ] the UIDHR was drafted in response to the supposed inclination among Western rights advocators and bookmans to except Islam from the cultural sphere where human rights were conceived and proclaimed and where they retain intending ( Witte and van der Vyyer, 1996, p.397 ) Section # 2 The Madinah the five pillars and the three rules as a political, economic and societal establishments has been included in changing ways in the foundation of a series of Islamic provinces and imperiums. Some have argued that the values that underlie the five pillars of Islam are besides core values for Muslim passive resistance action ( Esack, 2006, p.141 ) . Esack has besides noted that Zakah, one of the five chief pillars of Islam, is aimed at sing distributive societal justness and authorization of the weak ( 2006, p.145 ) . In pattern, nevertheless, those values have besides been used to convey about violent action and societal favoritism. In peculiar, the Madinah has played an of import function in the constitution of the current Persian government, and is besides going progressively outstanding in the treatment environing the motion for an independent Palestinian province. As respects to Iran, the illustration cited above of frock limitations for adult females is a clear presentation of the failure to esteem what Esack has identified as the distribution of justness and the warrant of societal justness for weaker groups. Rather than utilizing the Madinah to further regard for single human rights, it became a tool of use in the custodies of those who wanted power, as spiritual codifications frequently do. In peculiar, Esack has noted that the Muslim faith was used as a radicalizing factor to dispute bing authorization figures. He states faith has so at times supported, or even brought approximately, radical state of affairss. New spiritual readings did much to convey about the radicalization of faith which terminated monarchial regulation in Iran ( 1979 ) and [ aˆÂ ¦ ] unnoticed by perceivers of Iran, have on away the authorization of the established clergy every bit good ( 2006, p.53 ) . This radicalization came in response to an every bit utmost duty of secularisation in Iran after World War I. It is interesting to observe that radicalism can be every bit in both faith and secularism, and that either of these frequently creates radicalism of the opposite sort. It has been asserted that the coercive and intrusive mode in which secularisation was forced by autocratic governments in Turkey and Iran after the terminal of the First World War [ aˆÂ ¦ ] aggravated [ aˆÂ ¦ ] confusion and intensified [ aˆÂ ¦ ] contention over the issue of whether Islam allows differentiation between faith and province ( Witte and van der Vyyer, 1996, p.350 ) . Therefore, the values that many believe to be personified in the Madinah, including equality, regard for single freedoms, societal justness and passive resistance were in many ways abandoned. Alternatively, Islamic rules were influence to warrant and air policies hostile to civil and political rights which were promo ted by authoritiess in states like Iran ( Mayer, 2006, p.18 ) . The radicalization of the Medinah is in many ways responsible for this result. Domestic and international support for an independent Palestinian province has besides taken on an progressively Muslim attack, peculiarly in the aftermath of the 2008-2009 invasion of Gaza. Support for the Islamic group Hamas, whose election sparked that invasion, has continued to turn. Esack has noted that at present, re-interpreted spiritual thoughts feed the opposition motion in Palestine and feed resistances that are sacredly articulated and politically motivated where the conflict lines are drawn ( 2006, p.53 ) . International protagonists have encouraged representatives of the hereafter Palestinian province have urged them to show their statements in footings that refer to international human rights instruments, instead than Muslim public speech production, in order to make a wider audience and to beef up great international support for the Palestinian cause. The affair of an independent Palestine has besides helped to determine up response throughout the Muslim universe as respects self finding. The great shop that people in Muslim states topographic point by the right of self finding correlatives closely with Muslims preoccupation with Palestinians failure after decennaries of battle to set up an independent Palestine ( Mayer, 2006, p.25 ) . This demonstrates that this recent move towards the faith of the Palestine treatment is a response to decennaries of failure to get the better of subjugation, instead than deep-seated strong beliefs. The psychological failing that has resulted from so many old ages of agony has created an increased potency for maltreatment, non merely of the Palestinians themselves, but besides of perceivers elsewhere in the Muslim universe. In fact, it has been suggested that authoritiess in Muslim states are working this preoccupation with the Palestinians predicament, and have frequently encouraged people t o concentrate on Palestinians long-thwarted national release battle as manner to squelch and debar popular demands for expanded rights and freedoms on the domestic scene ( Mayer, 2006, p.25 ) . Section # 3 Before taking this class, I was nt really educated with the subject of Women in Islam in great item. Partially due to my current abode in North America, and my deficiency of attending with reading or watching the intelligence. As a Muslim, I was witting of a lone some points that were in relation to Women in Islam with respect to a few of the responsibilities a adult female should prosecute. Rules that disallowed adult females to direct Salaat ( supplication ) with work forces in melody with the day-to-day supplications ; an illustration of how adult females are purely forbidden to expose their hair or any signifier of tegument which could go forth the opposite gender to take its class in thought of haram ( iniquitous ) Acts of the Apostless. As a pupil, in July, I was really much intrigued by the rubric of this class due to the word Islamic . As a Muslim, one should experience proud to hold that word in show right in forepart of their eyes on the proctor. Without reading the description, I expected to derive cognition of more about my faith, the political relations behind it. Because of my deficiency in cognition from non reading or watching the intelligence, I was trusting to larn and maintain up-to-date with recent events continuing in the Muslim universe today. Due to changeless absences because of my unwellness and spiritual observation, as a pupil in the category and at place I learnt many important facets of the faith in respects to the Sharia. Certain critical figures of the past 50 old ages ( e.g. Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Ruhollah Mostafawi Mousawi Khomeini ) , larning about the methods in registration behind the Al-Qaeda, and the current categorization of Jihad. Having passed this class, with consent of the Professor, I intend to larn more and delve deeper into a shoebox of the recent issues with mention to Muslims and hope to distribute my ain message through the current community work and place I presently reside on. I wish to discourse to my fellow young person and through treatments, educate them, with the cognition that I have acquired. I excessively, happen this as an chance to go on on in broadening my positions on the topic through reading and watching the intelligence.

10 agencias que contratan enfermeras para EE.UU.

10 agencias que contratan enfermeras para EE.UU. Estados Unidos necesita profesionales de la enfermerà ­a en grandes nà ºmeros debido a la jubilacià ³n de miles de profesionales nativos en los prà ³ximos aà ±os. Por ello, contratan enfermeras en otros paà ­ses. Para los candidatos internacionales, esta opcià ³n es atractiva porque adems de brindar la oportunidad de trabajar en EE.UU. permite obtener buenos salarios ya que es una profesià ³n bien pagada. En la actualidad, la mayorà ­a de los contratos para trabajar en EE.UU. en esta profesià ³n los obtienen enfermeros/as de paà ­ses de habla inglesa, como Filipinas, India, Irlanda, Sudfrica, Australia, Nueva Zelanda o algunas islas caribeà ±as. Un nà ºmero ms reducido de profesionales procede de otros paà ­ses, destacando los provenientes de Mà ©xico. Enfermeras Internacionales para trabajar en EE.UU. En EE.UU. hay 3,2 millones de enfermeras registradas, conocidas por sus iniciales RN.El 90 por ciento son mujeres.Se estima que en 2020 habr 800.000 puestos de trabajo en enfermerà ­a sin cubrir, segà ºn clculos del National Center for Workforce Analysis.El 15 por ciento de enfermeras que trabajan en EE.UU. se han formado fuera de este paà ­s, segà ºn el Institute for Immigration Research de la Universidad George Mason.Para trabajar en EE.UU. como RN, las enfermeras internacionales necesitan: licenciatura universitaria o equivalente, homologacià ³n de estudios, examen de conocimientos, certificacià ³n del estado en el que quieran trabajar, conocimiento alto del idioma inglà ©s y documento que acredite el derecho a trabajar en EE.UU., que puede ser visa de trabajo o tarjeta de residencia permanente . 10 Agencias estadounidenses de reclutamiento de enfermeras/os Entre las numerosas agencias que se dedican a esta labor y aceptan candidatos de Latinoamà ©rica y/o Espaà ±a, destacan las siguientes. ASMCI Servicios para Estados Unidos y Canad Telà ©fono: 702-483-5308Correo Electrà ³nico: zenasmci.com Assignment America Telà ©fono: 781-388-6800Correo electrà ³nico: inquiresmyaam.com CBH Healthcare Recruiters Telà ©fono: 602-404-0417Correo electrà ³nico: infocbhrecruiters.com Christine Paris Enterprises USA, Inc. Brinda servicios de colocacià ³n para USA, Australia y el Reino Unido. Correo electrà ³nico: christinechristineparis.com European Medical Staffing Para enfermeras/os de Mà ©xico o Canad. Informacià ³n en Mà ©xico: tsimoneuromedstaff.com Global Healtcare Resources Tiene socios reclutadores en Mà ©xico, Perà º y otros paà ­ses de Latinoamà ©rica. Telà ©fono: 703-481-2204Correo electrà ³nico: lightonerols.com Institute of California Bilingual Healthcare Telà ©fono: 310-933-3232En su pgina web en la seccià ³n de contactar hay un formulario para enviarles un correo. O ´Grady Peyton International: Brinda servicios de colocacià ³n a profesionales de todo el mundo, incluidos de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a.  Contactar en su pgina web, eligiendo el lugar en el que se encuentra la persona interesada. Peyton tambià ©n ofrece trabajos en Canad y Australia. PPR Telà ©fono: 866.581.5038Correo electrà ³nico: infopprtmg.com Wilson Staffing Network Correo electrà ³nico: kwilsonwsnglobal.com Preguntas que los candidatos deben hacer a las agencias de colocacià ³n de enfermeras internacionales No todas las agencias son iguales y se deberà ­a contactar con varias y preguntar cosas como:    ¿Cobran tarifa de colocacià ³n? Ya que puede pagarlo el empleador. ¿Ayudan en trmites migratorios? ¿Ayudan a preparar el examen del NCLEX o del TOEFL? Y segà ºn las respuestas y las necesidades de cada uno, quedarse con la que resulte ms conveniente. Tipos de visas disponibles para enfermeras/os internacionales Para trabajar en Estados Unidos es necesario contar con algà ºn tipo de documento que lo autorice. Como regla general, las enfermeras internacionales pueden contar con uno de los siguientes documentos: Residencia permanente (green card) por trabajoVisa H-1B para profesionales. Dependiendo de los casos de empleador y tipo de empleo, la H-1B para enfermeras pudiera no estar sujeta a los problemas de los là ­mites anuales.Visa TN-2 sà ³lo para mexicanos o canadienses, bajo el acuerdo del Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC) Aunque esas son las ms frecuentes, no son las à ºnicas. Esta es una relacià ³n de todas las visas de trabajo y aquà ­ se puede encontrar un listado de las situaciones muy especà ­ficas que permiten solicitar con à ©xito un permiso de trabajo.   Las enfermeras que cuentan ya con un documento que les permite trabajar legalmente en Estados Unidos desde el punto de vista migratorio pueden contactar con cualquiera de las siguientes agencias para buscar trabajo en EE.UU. Maxim Staffing SolutionsCirrus Medical Staffing: 800-299-8132Alda TechnologiesAssingment America: 866-593-8178  ¿Cules son los requisitos mà ­nimos para poder trabajar de enfermera en Estados Unidos? Para trabajar como enfermera es imprescindible tener una licenciatura en enfermerà ­a (Bachelor of Nursing) que pueda ser considerado como equivalente a un R.N. en Estados Unidos. Los tà ­tulos mexicanos de Tà ©cnico profesional a veces sà ­ se validan pero otras no. Adems, es necesario hablar con fluidez inglà ©s, a nivel profesional y con un buen dominio del lenguaje mà ©dico. Tambià ©n se requiere aprobar el NCLEX-RN. Este examen puede rendirse fuera de EU, como por ejemplo en Mà ©xico D.F. Una alternativa es el CGFNS. Asimismo, es necesario obtener la licencia estatal para trabajar como enfermera. En EE.UU. no hay licencia federal que sirva para todo el paà ­s. Por ello, hay que sacarla en el estado donde cada profesional se va a desempeà ±ar laboralmente. Adems, se pide pasar un examen de posible historial criminal (background check, en inglà ©s) Por à ºltimo es necesario obtener la visa correspondiente o una green card  ¿Cunto puede demorarse toda la tramitacià ³n de la visa de enfermera para trabajar en EE.UU? Desde que se inicia hasta que se puede empezar a trabajar puede transcurrir entre 12 y 18 meses.  ¿Cules son las especialidades ms demandadas para las enfermeras internacionales? Las siguientes, son las especialidades de enfermerà ­a donde se ofertan ms puestos de trabajo. Cardiologà ­aDiagnà ³stico por imagenUrgencias (E.R.)Psiquiatrà ­aPediatrà ­aNeonatosCirugà ­aAnestesista  ¿En quà © lugares trabajan las enfermeras internacionales? Pueden ser contratadas por hospitales, hospicios, farmacà ©uticas, consultas de medicina primaria, centros de residencia para vida asistida. hogar de ancianos, etc. El salario de las enfermeras es bueno pero hay una gran diferencia segà ºn tipo de especialidad, los estados y tambià ©n influye los aà ±os de experiencia. Asimismo, a la hora de calcular cunto se gana, tener en consideracià ³n los impuestos. Estos son los 10 estados donde ms y menos se paga. En todo caso, tambià ©n es conveniente realizar un pequeà ±o estudio de si compensa econà ³micamente salir del paà ­s de uno para trabajar en Estados Unidos, ya que si bien es cierto que posiblemente se gana ms, tambià ©n lo es que los gastos son mucho mayores, por eso es pertinente, por ejemplo, verificar este comparativo salarial de 18 profesiones en 8 paà ­ses. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

The popular english accents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The popular english accents - Essay Example Accent is descriptive of pronunciation and not vocabulary or grammar. English speakers who are not native to the UK tend to integrate the phonemic and intonation inventory into their English pronunciation from their mother tongue. Among the native speakers, there exist many accents. Some of these accents from specific regions, for example, the Pennsylvania Dutch English, can be identified easily by particular characteristics. There are further variations that can be found in the regions discussed in this report; for instance, the towns that are found less than 16 km from Manchester like Salford, Oldham, and Bolton posses varying accents that all form the collective Lancashire accent (Giegerich, 2011: p28). However, in extreme circumstances, they are different such as to be noticed by listeners, not from the area. People from various regions have a lot of room for misunderstanding; the manner in which one word’s pronunciation in a specific accent will sound different when said in another accent. For example, the word petal when pronounced in American English is different from its pronunciation as pearl by the Scottish. Methodology This research will utilize a methodology that was first used by Ainsfeld and Lambert in the late 50s and early 60s. The methodology was further refined by Bourhis and Giles and involves the important feature of matched guise that employs one person speaking in two accents that are different (Yan, 2009: p716). All attempts were made minimizing the paralinguistic variables like number of hesitations and reading speed. However, paralinguistic variations do occur, despite this minimization on these variables. Therefore, it was important to consider this, especially because of the monotonous reading style in the recordings. The practice voice used in the study was meant to familiarize the listeners with the questions they were to fill in the questionnaire found in the appendix. The study was interested in impressions that were create d in listeners by the speaker. Often, it is possible to tell where the speaker is from using the voice alone, for instance, when one hears a stranger talk on the radio or even on the telephone. The listeners were given recordings of various speakers with the speaker saying similar things and were obligated to pay attention to the way the person sounded rather than the content of the speech (Yan, 2009: p717). After hearing each speaker, the subjects, were expected to take a moment to think and then answer the questions in the questionnaire according to their impression. The subjects were not expected to take too much time in answering but were, rather, expected to give their first impressions with no wrong or right answers (Yan, 2009: p717). Discussion The United Kingdom, probably, is the nation that is most obsessed with accents in the entire world. With accents that are believed to have been shaped through many years of history, few nations that speak English have as many varieties of the language in a space as small as the UK (Donn & james, 2011: p25). The following were the accents that were identified during the study. Received Pronunciation This accent is the closest we have to a standard accent in the United Kingdom. While it originated from London English, at present, it has no specific region of origin. This accent is especially common in Oscar Wilde plays, Merchant ivory films, and Jane Austen adaptations. Received

Banking and ICT's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Banking and ICT's - Essay Example Digital technology has greatly reduced the costs of compiling, processing, and distributing information. Information and communications technology (ICT) invigorates markets by enhancing the flow of information, not in creating certainty, but making information more symmetric. The rise of the Internet, for example, has increased transparency, improving the ability of all market participants to determine the available range of prices for financial instruments and financial services (Clemons and Hitt, 2000, 4). Indeed, information-driven disintermediation is not limited to the financial sector: "The flow of information turns client relationships into markets. This phenomenon is cropping up in fields as diverse as travel agencies, real estate and the auctioning of flowers in Amsterdam" (Anon., 1998). The new markets that hand information to consumers also tend to push down prices. This is a dangerous prospect for branded goods like banking products and services, which behave increasingly like commodities. Moreover, technology has continually lowered the transaction costs of direct financing, facilitating the emergence of new electronic markets, payments and settlement networks, and new market-based risk and wealth management systems. Disintermediation is accompanied by securitization. Large firms increasingly raise finance directly from the financial markets. Companies with secure cash flows create securities from (or "securitize") these "assets," the value of which is determined by the volume and reliability of the cash flows (Holland et al., 1998, 222). The securities are then sold publicly or privately to institutional investors. Securitization of assets disintermediates banks from their traditional role of lenders to the corporate sector. Financial deregulation and information technology have both contributed to the growing dominance of capital markets by facilitating access for new issuers and investors. Forces For Change Powerful forces for change are forging the future shape of the banking industry. These include demographic, technological, and regulatory factors. Undergirding these developments is the continuing closer integration of national economies and financial systems through the process known as Globalisation. Changing Customer Needs and Preferences Populations are aging rapidly, at least in the developed Western democracies. The prospect of rising aged-dependency ratios is focusing governments and individuals on alternative means of funding retirement incomes. "Pay-as-you-go" pension schemes, under which the younger (working) generation funds the retirement incomes of the older (retired) generation, are not viable when the aged-dependency ratio rises beyond certain limits. Governments are responding by inducing individuals to make greater provision for their own incomes in retirement, restricting the availability of publicly funded pensions to the genuinely indigent.

Recommendations to the Wallace Group Essay Example for Free

Recommendations to the Wallace Group Essay I have concluded my interviews with your team and have a list of recommendations based on priorities. The recommendations are unbiased and not intended to be personal attacks on the current management; they are based on the sound management principles and intended to maximize your company’s potential. a. Realign the corporate structure. Begin by recruiting a new board of directors using outside directors, â€Å"executives of other firms but are not employees of the board’s corporation†1, in addition to a limited number of management directors from inside the company. This combination of three companies working as independent entities is not working, they must be integrated and a different management organizational structure must be implemented. This group will be able to accomplish the next recommendation. b. Develop a mission statement and goals. The company must embark upon strategic management planning. This will include: †¢Clearer sense of strategic vision for the firm †¢Sharper focus on what is strategically important Improved understanding of a rapidly changing environment1 The Wallace group lacks vision and goals for its divisions and this leads to a lack of direction for the management team. A mission statement â€Å"defines the fundamental, unique purpose that sets a company apart from other firms of its type and identifies the scope of the company’s operations in terms of products offered and markets served†1. This business must develop a corporate wide strategic management plan to set a direction for the company and its shareholders. A part of this management planning would consist of SWOT analysis, strategy formulation, implementation and evaluation. This process is often referred to as Plan – Do – Act – Check or PDAC and is a continuous process. Making a profit today is not enough; there has to be an evaluation of where the company is now, where will it be in 2, 5, 10 years and how the company will attain those goals. c. Change the organizational chart: There needs to be an in-depth evaluation of the personnel currently in place. The current chart is one of vertical structure and should be revamped to be more horizontal. This accomplishes the goals of empowerment and coordination between the divisions. A glaring problem is the VP of the chemical division, J. Luskics, as he was the former owner that guided the company into foreclosure and appears to not be running the division efficiently now. The chemical division is not even internally competitive for the plastics or electronics divisions. Mr.Luskics should either be bought out of the company or reassigned to a position that he might be successful. There also is a redundancy among positions in the company, for example there are three directors of industrial relations, these positions should either be combined or incentivized to cooperate in the best interest of the company. d. Personnel development. There is no apparent leadership development in place and the company has relied on promoting technical staff to management positions which many are not equipped to handle. There needs to be a leadership development series initiated, leadership retreats to communicate and encourage relations amongst the teams, and perhaps some Management Assessment of Proficiency (MAP) testing to asses the current management team. Management development and succession planning must be implemented to ensure long term success. Job responsibilities need to be developed and implemented for all positions but specifically for the management team; including specific goals, budgeting, forecasting (long range planning), training, and staff satisfaction. . Communication. The lack of clear strategies, long term plans, goals and objectives has led to the recent revolt at the stockholders meeting. This is a clear indication of the frustration felt from the staff level up and the new direction of the company must be clearly communicated to all staff. Enthusiasm is contagious and the presentation of a new course for the company will be very exciting for staff. Employee surveys, sugges tion boxes and an engaging of the front line staff will do much to improve morale and spark improvements. I would like to commend you sir for creating a successful company but I do believe there are concrete steps that you can take to improve the future of this company. Mr. Wallace I believe the development of a vision will produce great results, with this vision you will attract personnel that want to be a part of a great company and profits for all involved will naturally follow. Remember â€Å"Visionary companies make some of their best moves by experimentation, trial and error, opportunism, and – quite literally – accident†2. I estimate that this plan of action will initially cost $1. 5 million but there will be cost savings realized in personnel reassignments, recruitment and retention, productivity, and a renewed sense of commitment that will be reflected in profits far surpassing the costs.

The Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin Essay -- Harriet Beecher Stowe Un

The Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, has been widely identified as the most influential American novel in the country’s history. Books have, of course, always had the power to bring about great social change, and the widespread distribution of Uncle Tom’s Cabin gave a vivid image of Southern life, particularly the mistreatment of slaves, to the entire country. While slavery was previously an issue between slaveholders and abolitionists, the moral outrage caused by Uncle Tom’s Cabin went a long way towards bringing the slavery debate to the forefront of the entire American consciousness. Broadly speaking, the book’s success brought the moral conflict to the general public, causing many ordinary citizens to form their own moral judgments, often critical ones, of the nature of slavery, while they previously would have been more apathetic. Here, I will investigate the reaction to and effects of the publication of Uncle Tomâ€⠄¢s Cabin, particularly divided into two groups: the scholarly or critical reaction, and the public reaction, including both public opinion of the book and the various derivative works that were created for public consumption. I have researched both portions of this topic through the more modern works of historical analysis, and by examining primary sources reproduced in online collections (with especially heavy use of Railton’s extremely resourceful website, for which I would like to acknowledge my gratitude). Outside of the Southern region that Uncle Tom’s Cabin criticized, the book immediately received a critical reception â€Å"of wild enthusiasm† (Donovan 16) that fully recognized the strong moral weight that was carried in its strong narrative. While the... ...can Culture: A Multi-Media Archive. Dir. Stephen Railton. 2002. Other Relevant Works Hildreth, Margaret Holbrook. Harriet Beecher Stowe: A Bibliography. Hamden, CT: Archon, 1976. Jorgenson, Chester E., comp. Uncle Tom’s Cabin as Book and Legend: A Guide to an Exhibition. Detroit: 1952. Stowe, Charles Edward. Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe. Boston: Houghton & Mifflin, 1890. Stowe, Harriet Beecher. A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat, 1853. [1] To clarify, while â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† was the title of both the novel and the play, my mention of the title in this document refers to the novel unless otherwise stated. [2] This name â€Å"is almost certainly a pseudonym† (UTCAC). [3] UTCAC identifies Gamaliel Bailey as a possible author of this anonymous article.

Lesson Plan in I Am a Filipino Essay

This lesson allows you to begin your journey into understanding yourself as a Filipino which will hopefully lead you to mastering yourself. You will know about the desirable traits of a true Filipino. It will help you answer questions about your role and duties as a citizen of this country. You must aim to: 1. show respect and appreciation for the national symbols of the Philippines; 2. discuss desirable Filipino traits and values; 3. use four words adjectives in describing yourself as a Filipino; 4. use information presented in a reading or viewing selection to infer, to evaluate, and to express critical ideas; and 5. respond to ideas, issues, and concerns presented in a reading or viewing selection in creative forms; II. Subject Matter Topic : I am a Filipino by Carlos P. Romulo Reference : English for Communication Arts and Skill pp. 181-185 Materials : bell, pictures, cartolina, power point presentation, ,laptop and other improvised materials. III. Procedure Teacher’s Activity A. Routines 1. Opening Prayer 2. Classroom Management 3. Checking of Attendance B. Priming/Motivation What is it? Now, class let’s have a guessing game. I will show you blurred pictures and try to guess what is portrayed in the given pictures. I will be giving you three clues to easily guess those pictures. I will group you into two groups. If you know the answer, just press the bell. For every question there are five members who will represent your group. So all of you will have the chance to answer. The winning group will receive a prize later, after the class. So now, APOLLO are you ready? (Visual presentations are provided. )Clues: It helps the people in carrying heavy things. According to a fable, its skin switched with a cow. It has horns. What is it? Clues: It can be used as necklace. We usually give it to our Saints. It smells good. What is it? Clues: It serves as our viand. Its name is a compound word. It has many bones. What is it? Clues: It tastes sour sometimes sweet. It can be used in making candies. It is rich in vitamin C. What is it? Clues: It is used as material in making furnitures. It has a seed that has thorns. It is the strongest tree. What is it? What did you notice with those images? Is there a resemblance among them? Yes, very good. All of them are our national symbols. I’m glad that you are still aware of our national symbols. b. UNLOCKING OF DIFFICULTIES As we read the selection, we may encounter different words that will hinder us to understand the text, so in order us to find no difficulty in understanding let us be familiar with these words. Directions: Identify the meaning of the underlined word in each sentence. Analyze the sentence in order to get the real meaning of it. Your Initial Task (Visual aids are provided. )___1. The Filipinos are inheritors of the glorious past. ___2. Our rivers and lakes are teeming with fish. ___3. Early Filipinos are considered rich with their appurtenances in the different parts of their body. ___4. The purple invitation beckoned them to come in rich and happy land. ___5. The frail craft rocked as he clambered. Before we go on discovering what molded us as Filipinos, let’s identify the characteristics that we inherit from our ancestors. | Students’ Activity Yes. (Students form their group. ) Carabao (Students guess the picture. ) Sampaguita (Students guess the picture. ) Milkfish (Students guess the picture. ) Mango/ mangoes (Students guess the picture. ) Narra tree (Students guess the picture. ) Those are the Philippines’ national symbols. a. signaled b. heir c. weak d. accessories e. full of f. strong Answers: 1. heir 2. full of 3. accessories 4. signaled 5. weak| Task 2. How I View Myself As a Filipino On a half-sheet of paper, complete the graphic organizer below by writing at least four traits or physical appearances which you believe you have as a Filipino. I am a Filipino C. LESSON PROPER (The teacher gives the annotated material to the students. ) But before you read the selection, I want to ask you a question; do you feel proud about being a Filipino? Now let’s discover if your opinion will change after reading this selection. Class, please read silently the reading material. (After reading the selection. ) Who am I? is a question that every thoughtful person asks himself or herself. And there was a man who answered this question in the name of every Filipino. Do you know this person? Yes, very good! ( Visual presentations are provided. ) Anyone, please read. So, let’s move on and dig deeper with this selection. In paragraph 1, the author refers to a two-fold responsibility of a Filipino, what is his responsibility to the past and his task in relation to the future? What do you think is our responsibility to the past as a Filipino? How about our task to the future? In paragraph 2, what qualities of our ancestors did we inherit? Yes, we inherited some of their physical appearances. Aside from their physical appearances. We also inherited their sense of hope by not easily giving up with the challenges we are facing. In paragraph 3 and 4 we get a picture of the land we inherited. Will you please describe this land in two adjectives? But, where is this land that the author is referring to, the land that we inherited? That’s true, we all know that the Philippines is rich in natural resources so we must conserve and protect those resources. In paragraph 5 and 6, he mentioned of another great inheritance. What is it? And the seed that we are referring to is the courage of our heroes in facing challenges, their love for our country, bravery to attain our freedom and receive what is rightfully ours. Therefore, what is the main message of this selection? And if needed, we must also fight and protect our country from the conquerors. D. Valuing Now I will ask you same question, did you feel proud about being a Filipino after reading the selection? Why? IV. Evaluation On a half sheet of bond paper, I want you to draw an image that symbolizes you as a Filipino. CLOSURE Synthesis What are the things that you can promise that you will do as a proud Filipino? Insights Now that you are aware of your inheritance, what are the ways you can contribute to protect your glorious inheritance? How? V. HOMEWORK (On a short bond paper. ) We all know that we achieved our freedom from the colonizers because our heroes defended our country. Have a picture of the hero you adored the most and his/her contribution to our country. | hospitableI am a Filipino Filipino conservative optimistic cooperative Yes / No. He is Carlos P. Romulo, the author of the selection I am a Filipino. He is a writer, lecturer, statesman, diplomat and a journalist. He was elected as president of United Nations General Assembly, the only Filipino and the first Asian to hold that prestigious position. His task is to meet his responsibility to the past and the task of performing his obligation to the future. (Students’ answers may vary.) To fight for our freedom. To protect what they inherited us. (Students’ answers may vary. ) Our task to the future is to continue pursuing our rights as a Filipino and fight for it. (Students’ answers may vary. ) We inherited their brown skin. (Students’ answers may vary. ) Their bravery in fighting from the invaders. (Students’ answers may vary. ) Rich and happy land. (Students’ answers may vary. ) It is the Philippines. (Students’ answers may vary. ) Immortal seed as mark of personhood and symbol of dignity as a human being. (Students’ answers may vary.) As a Filipino, we must not forget what our heroes did for us, for our country. We must be proud of them and continue remembering them in our hearts. (Students’ answers may vary. ) Yes, because the Filipinos especially our heroes defended our country to achieve our freedom. (Students draw an image of something. ) I promise that I will give respect to our national heroes, symbols, and do good deeds. (Students’ answers may vary. ) One of the glorious inheritances from our ancestors is our dignity. I will try my very best to do good things in accordance with what is right. (Students’ answers may vary. ) |

Ethos, Logos and Pathos in Julius Caesar

Ethos, logos and pathos are three persuasion tools used by Shakespeare in Mark Antony’s funeral oration over Caesar’s body. Ethos is appeal based on the character of the speaker, Logos is appeal based on logic or reason and Pathos is appeal based on emotion. Antony uses these elements to turn the Roman crowd against the conspirators with a highly convincing speech. These three persuasion tools and structure and diction are the key elements of the effectiveness of Mark Antony’s famous speech.The most convincing use of ethos in Antony’s speech is in the first line of the speech; â€Å"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears! † This shows that Mark Antony is trying to get in to the Roman crowd’s hearts with his status as a trustworthy man. He uses rhetorical irony throughout the speech constantly questioning the ethos of Brutus. Brutus uses ethos heavily in his speech, he was considered very honourable a by the Romans, and basically anyth ing that came out of his mouth had to be correct.Mark Antony targets the questionable character of Brutus several times saying: â€Å"And Brutus is an honourable man. † Antony then sums his speech up by using â€Å"I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke. † This line once again outlines the irony used by Antony and this is where the trustworthy character of Mark Antony persuades the crowd to turn on the crowd, without Antony actually saying that what the conspirators did was the wrong thing. Logos can be facts that are used to persuade someone.Mark Antony uses a lot of facts throughout the course of his speech. One of the key facts in his initial speech is; â€Å"When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept. † To use this is very logical by Mark Antony since most of the people that he is trying to persuade aren’t the richest bunch of folk in Rome. So when he uses ‘poor’ as the type of people that Caesar cried for, the crowd thinks that i t is wrong to brutally murder someone who cared so much for them that†¦

Why the Sun is so important to the Earth essays

Why the Sun is so important to the Earth essays Temperature of the surface : 5200 i Ê Time of rotation : 25h (poles) 34h ( equator) The sun shines and warms our planet, without it life on Earth would be impossible not just for human , but for microorganisms as well. The sun is the main (though not only one) engine of processes occurring on the Earth. But not only its warm and light receives Earth. Various kinds of a sunlight and streams of particles render constant influence on its life. The oxygen on the Earth is produced by the plants in process called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is a formation by the supreme plants, seaweed, photosynthesizing Bacteria of the complex substances from simple (CO2 , H2O) due to the energy of light absorbed by a chlorophyll etc. photosynthetic pigments. One of the major biological processes, it is constant and in huge amounts made on our planet. Sun is also needed for humans organism to produce the vitamin D . Some of electric energy is produced due to the energy of sunlight. The Earths climate is controlled by the energy of the Sun . The heat of the Sun can be kept due to the Greenhouse effect. But not only positive effects has the Sun on Earth. Ultraviolet radiation can be harmful in large amounts and can cause sunburns and skin cancer. Flashes - the most powerful explosive processes observed on the Sun, are more exact in Its chromosphere. They can proceed all some minutes, but for this time energy which sometimes reaches 1025 Joules is allocated. About the same amount of heat comes from the Sun on all surface of our planet for the whole year. Streams of rigid x-ray radiation and the solar space beams, born at flashes, render strong influence on physical processes in the top atmosphere of the Earth and circumterraneous space. If not to accept special precautions, there can put out of action complex space devices and solar batteries. Ther ...

Social Media Approval Process How to Build the Best One For You

Social Media Approval Process How to Build the Best One For You Trying to approve the numerous social media posts your try to publish every day is exhausting. The time it takes for your content to get approval all the way up your ends up costing the precious time your team needs. With a social media content approval process, your team will get back that much-needed time and publish content faster and easier. In this blog post youll learn: How to create your social media approval process How to plan out your teams time by tracking how long it takes to complete projects How to save your teams time by shortening your approval processHow to Create the Best Social Media Content Approval ProcessHow To Create Your Own Social Media Approval Process Creating your own social media approval process will take time. Remember before we start, that the social media approval process that we create for this example may look different then the one you create for your team. Thats okay! Lets get started. 1. How Much Time Do Your Higher Ups Need To Approve Content? If you have to send content up to your boss (or another level or two above them) it's going to take a while for that content to make its way up the ladder. Which means you need time. Talk to your boss (or their boss), and help determine how much time it will take them to review a standard social media campaign. For us, a standard social campaign contains: 1 Facebook post 10 Twitter posts 3 Pinterest pins 2 Google+ posts 2 LinkedIn posts Your campaigns could contain more Facebook posts, fewer tweets and more pins. How you build your campaigns will be determine by your audience, and where you want to concentrate your efforts. To keep track of what your standard social media campaign looks like, download our social media approval process workbook, and follow along with this post to fill it out. So if your social media manager takes three days to look over that content, your marketing manager takes 5  days to review that content, and your CMO takes seven  days, you have to send your content to your managers at least 15 days before publish. Time for approval may change if your standard social media campaign changes so don't be afraid to adjust times for different numbers of posts. Recommended Reading: How to Crush Social Media Campaign Planning How Much Time Does Your Social Media Specialist Need To Write All That Post Content? Now that you determined how much time your managers need to approve content, you need to figure out how much time your social media specialist needs to write that content. Again, we're going to use our standard social media campaign post numbers for this example. So you know that for our social media specialist writing social posts takes: 20 minutes per Facebook post 10 minutes per Twitter post 15 minutes per Pinterest post 10 minutes per LinkedIn post 10 minutes per Google+ post So with that information in mind you can continue filling out the workbook. With our social media campaign set you can estimate that it would take your social media specialist about 3 hours to complete the writing for the campaign. A little less than half a day. Recommended Reading: The Best Social Media Copywriting Guide to Be a Social Word Ninja 3. How Long Does It Take Your Media Team To Create Video/Graphics For Your Social Campaigns? As a final step to your planning, you have to figure out how long it takes your media and graphics team to work through and create their content. For some campaigns, this process could take much longer than the writing and approval process combined. Graphics + Design Let's start with your design team. So let's pretend that we need a standard graphic for each one of our example social posts. 1 for Facebook 10 for Twitter 3 for Pinterest 2 for LinkedIn 2 for Google+ That's 18 graphics. Now say those graphics, on average, take about 30 minutes a piece to design and 20 minutes to edit. That's about an hour per graphic. If we went by our example, it would take one graphic designer about 2 and a half days to complete the designs for one social media campaign. So what's the fix? Talk to your designers about the different kinds of graphics that they've created for your social media sites including: Static Images GIFs Infographics Have an estimate created on how much time it will take your designers to complete each image. By recording those estimated times you know: How far in advance you need to talk to your designers What types of graphics you have available for each channel Recommended Reading: How to Make the Best Social Media Images the Easy Way (+84 Free Images) Social Media Video How long your video can be on certain social sites will vary, so make sure you triple check those times before talking to your video team. Facebook Time Length: 45 minutes Twitter Time Length: 2 minutes and 20 seconds Instagram Time Length: 60 seconds Pinterest Time Length: no limit Google+: 15 minutes (but they can be longer since you can connect your Google+ and YouTube accounts) LinkedIn: no limit So if you go back to our example, we would need either: One video that is no longer then 2 minutes and 20 seconds long to fit all the channels Five different videos that can vary in length So how does that look in our workbook? Talk to your video team and layout the different video lengths you would need for each channel and the time they think it would take to film. Now are you ever going to have a 45 minute Facebook, probably not. But once your team knows how long it will take to film a five-minute video for Facebook, they'll know how long it will take to film a five-minute video for Google+. Once your video team can estimate filming time, they can move on to editing. It's important to include both times as it may take your team longer to edit a video then it did to film it. So for this example, we would need to let our video team know about the social media campaign 7 days before it needs to go to the first manager for approval. Recommended Reading: How to Get Started With Twitter Video Marketing How to Do Facebook Video Marketing the Right Way Transfer All Your Data Into An Approval Process So now that you have all your teams on a deadline, it's time to transfer all of that into an approval process. Our example would look something like this. Video creation and editing (23 days before publish) Graphics creation and editing (19 days before publish) Write social posts (18 days before publish) Approve content by Social Media Manager (16 days before publish) Approve content by Marketing Manager (13 days before publish) Approve content by CMO (8 days before publish) Publish content (0 days before publish) Looks pretty good huh? But that process means you still need to plan your content at least a month in advance. What if I told you I could make that process faster? How To Shorten Your Approval Process You can cut your approval process time in half. I'm not kidding. Wanna know how? Cut Out The Need For Your Content To Go All The Way Up To Higher Management If you're a CMO reading this, (and even if you're not) you probably know how long it takes to get the social content you need to see approved. It takes even longer if your team is trying to publish a lot of content. Shortening the approval process and cutting out the need for upper management to make smaller decisions not only free's up your time, it free's up your team's. In fact, The Harvard Business Review did a whole article on how a 4-step process can help your senior management team make decisions. But, you may think to yourself, letting my team role with the punches is nerve-wracking. Look at what happened to Sea World, Applebees, and Cracker Barrel. Sea World has a disastrous social media campaign that completely backfired on them. Applebees faced an angry mob and instead of fixing the problem, pour gasoline on to the flames. And then there's Cracker Barrel. They still have yet to respond to the extreme social media backlash they faced when they refused to answer a question posed by the husband of a fired employee. All of these companies bounced back, but the internet never forgets what happens with social media. It becomes vital that your team is vigilant, careful and incredibly observant of trends and what's going out on your social pages. This might make you panic and never want to send another social post without an extreme approval process. You can counter those fears by thoroughly training your team. Show them what you expect your social posts to look like, how to spot and correct errors, and what to do if something does go wrong. By showing your team how to correct the work and make decisions without you, you're empowering them to get more done. If you needed even more reason to remove yourself from the approval process, remember this. As a leader you're not judged by the product your produce but by your team. If you're able to show that your team is not only effective but extremely efficient, what better win for you is there?

Shift Work Stress and Safety Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Shift Work Stress and Safety - Term Paper Example s for nigh perfection that comes from anyone’s bosses, almost always require one to either work long, crazy hours, or overnight where stress on the body is higher with the ever so quietness of the night. Shifts are usually relegated to one of three eight hour shift starting times: 0600, 1400, and 2200. Shiftwork is usually considered to be either overnight work or a schedule where no two days have the same shift. Some people enjoy shift work, most just tolerate it, while others cannot handle it. This type of stress like any other can be harmful to the body. The amount of stress one can take varies from person to person. Some people handle stress better than others. Furthermore, some industries have a higher level of risk and stress placed upon its business and the employees of those businesses. Thus, OSHA has set up specific guidelines and suggestions to help ensure the safety of those employed in the various industries. These industries have guidelines ensure the safety of the employees that are more rigid that various other industries. However, not only do the riskiest industries have stress that can cause injuries, but even working in an office can cause undo harm an injury to an employee of a company. Stress does not have any friends or particular industries that it hits harder than others. Overall, stress can come from various places and in various forms such as Temperature, discomfort, long hours, minimal breaks, weather conditions (if working outdoors), etc. Even with all the possible injuries that can be brought about by stress, OSHA guidelines can only help so far. OSHA works as diligently as it can to ensure everyone’s safety and health. Their priority and main goal is just that: ensure the health and safety of all employees in a workplace. Stress from shift work can be harmful to a person’s body. Shiftwork does not allow, in most cases, for people to get the proper amount of rest needed to have a healthy life. Thus, the onset of fatigue

Legal Aspects of Healthcare Administration Research Paper

Legal Aspects of Healthcare Administration - Research Paper Example This study gathers information from state laws, codified statutes, case laws and regulatory laws. The source under consideration, hence, is credible by all means. The data and information used in it is valid. The sources includes details of Alcohol distribution laws, tax systems, legal principles on driving while intoxicated and Alcohol Sale and Purchase laws etc. This study analyzes data of the 40 states and provides legal implications of violating any laws. It gives an understanding of punishments and fines which are imposed in case of law violation. The state laws and policies are also discussed. The changes that occurred in the regulations over time are also discussed. For example, the lowered down blood alcohol concentration limits are discussed. The healthcare diseases and risks associated with excessive alcohol consumption require stricter laws and narrower space for legal alcohol use. The teenagers as well as adults are equally affected by the negative outcomes of alcohol consumption. Hence, in order to manage a stable healthcare system, there is a need to curb these issues. Legal proceedings and principles are a helpful tool in controlling the worsening situations that are observed in the recent years. This study hence, is a good source of information to understand the laws. Most of the legal principles, policies and laws are discuss ed efficiently in this study. The overview of the laws and the statistical data for the 40 states provide a better view on the effects of legal system as it relates to the overall health conditions in the United States. In my opinion, this source provides a good starting point to understand the impact of laws on law violators. This study provides a clear account of punishments and penalties for the law violators. Moreover, tax systems and fines are also explained. This source is undoubtedly helpful in understanding the law implications and principles. However, the weaknesses

Do IM and SMS contribute to decay of language Essay

Do IM and SMS contribute to decay of language - Essay Example The modern generation’s introduction to texting of these sorts has influenced their behaviour in academic writing (Momberg). The fact of importance to most is which kind of effect is it having. Lecturers in the universities have been attributed to having said that the use of SMS to an extent nearing generalized communication over the day has resulted in loss of punctuation and proper spellings for most of the students (Momberg). On one hand it might have been the sole reason for their to the point replies with brevity (Momberg) since they have now gotten used to it. The conciseness something that would be considered as a positive effect of instant messaging and short message service but does it even out the loss of literature's grasp itself as well or does it help evolve it? It might be interesting to note that jargon of such kind was not really introduced by texting (Crystal), it was there 50 years before the introduction of texting. English, infact, is said to have been gene ralizing abbreviations since its epoch. Words such as car, exam, ok, etc (pun intended) were often abbreviated long before the modern age. All these first forms of the words were criticised in their own time, but have now become a part of the formal english literature (Crystal). Do we consider that evolution of culture or decay of language? It is the perspective that matters. To weigh the pros and cons of such an evolution might be the way to go. In 1711, Joseph Addison is said to have criticised the abbreviation of words. These abbreviations and short words are often SMS-esque and are often blended with the modern day short messaging and texting, be it over internet or a cellphone. The text messaging differ in terms of their abbreviations over individual writing styles. Although, some standards are now settling in as trends, there is no standard style or expectation of writing a short message or an instant message (Crystal). To find the origin of the usage of abbreviations in texti ng, it is not hard to see that it was to overcome the technological bounds of typing with a cell phone’s keypad rather than a full keyboard or even, for some, due to shifting newly to a keyboard from a traditional pen and paper writing as well as to save the costs by writing the minimum amount of text characters. On the other hand is it really just this which influences the transforming of correct spellings in to, often, more complex ones which might apparently take more time and energy. David Crystal regards it as a need to play with words and sounds to form a language without barriers that pushes the trend forward to even use words and abbreviations that are rather more complex than the language they are replacing (Crystal). The trend of texting might also be used as a cover up by many who can’t actually spell. On reading a text message full of SMS jargon, you have no way to tell whether the sender can spell proper english and has done it deliberately or doesnâ€℠¢t know how to spell and is using the short message jargon as a way to escape scrutiny of the reader (Clarke). This might be of interest to those who think that sms is decaying the english language; SMS is only hiding the facts that people have abandoned reading and writing proper literature. SMS, on the other hand, might be informally educating the readers to a new trend and evolving global language. The debate between these two sides would depend on how the abbreviations and the jargon is being used. Plain writing is not the only thing that has been influenced by short messaging and instant messaging. Poetry has also come in the line of texting through these

The Life Of Working Mothers In Pakistan Social Work Essay

The Life Of Working Mothers In Pakistan Social Work Essay Purpose: This study explored the experiences of mid-career professional working mothers exercising integration between work, family and selves in the context of the city of Faisalabad, Pakistan. It has been examined that how the family systems included joint and nuclear, affected them and their careers. Findings: The study showed that the professional working mothers are responsible for performing their domestic and professional roles, besides self-care. The proper incorporation of both roles is plausible with the stipulation of flexibility from both, work and family system, both, joint and nuclear family system. All women had intense feeling of motherhood; their career was also of high importance for them as they find their values and purpose. They wanted to achieve the objectives of their lives and self-fulfillment. Now they were better able to balance their family, work and individual self in comparative to start of their careers. Research Limitations: The response rate from the audience was low, but, through in-depth, rich and contextual information, which was received during interviews, tried to overcome these flaws. The females from the targeted population became very anxious and some were refused to give audiotaped interviews. Originality/Value: This paper contributes in the work-life integration for professional working mothers. The study explored that what type of hindrance or support a working mother living acquired form the family system and from the workplace and how they integrate the both. Kaleidoscope career model was used for this purpose. Keywords: Professional working mothers, mid-career, joint family system, nuclear family system, work, Faisalabad Paper Type: Research Paper The proportions of women make up an increase in full-time workforce (Metz, 2005), especially in the professional and managerial fields around the world (Cabrera, 2007). Pakistan is in the phase of transition (Raza Murad, 2010), since July 2009 women employment is increased by 1.7% (Labour Force Survey, 2010). The increased proportion of women in labor force creates bigger challenges for women in the incorporation of roles and responsibilities and managing time accompanied with child bearing and child rearing years (Grady McCarthy, 2008). These challenges stimulated scientists to create a link between work, family and self (Valimaki, Lamsa Hiillos, 2009). As a result pressure on organizations to respond towards employees family responsibilities has been increasing (Goodstein, 1994). Additionally the challenge for the organization to find out the adequately integration between domestic and work life by work -family (WF) arrangements (Peeters, Wattez, Demerouti Regt, 2009), by provi ding equality policies, statutory entitlement, maternity leave, carers leave, parental leave, and non statutory arrangements like flextime, e-working, job sharing, term-time working (Glass Estes, 1997, Grady McCarthy, 2008). The increasing number of working mothers, over past years, has increased pressures for them as they confront meaning in work, family and personal life (Grady McCarthy, 2008). Work-life integration seems to be difficult for professional mothers due to increased pressures. They not only need to create meaning in their work, family, personal life by selves but they also need support at work place by the employer. The support by the employer at work place towards integration of work, family and self leads towards self-fulfillment and satisfaction which have positive outcome for them and ultimately for employer (Auster, 2001). The absence of the support by the employer may lead to the difficulties for the professional mothers. The work intensification and long hours, coupled with child rearing demands result in stress and labor turn over (Jones McKenna, 2002). The purpose of this study is to explore the issues, problems and experiences of mid-career professional mothers regarding work-life integration in Faisalabad, Pakistan. How the most prevailing family systems in Pakistan, joint and nuclear (Ahamad, 2002), affect them. The study examines what type of hindrance they face and what type of support they need at work place as well as from the family. Now in Pakistan, vast segment of the society based on women cannot be denied the womens status, autonomy and equality in playing a role in social, economic opportunities and nation building (Amir, 2004, conference paper). Concerns about the economy and as well due to the changes occurred in womans aspirations has increased the women as work force as never before (Ahamad, 2002). According to labor force survey 2010, womens employment rate increased by 1.7% as mentioned above. The focus is on mid-career professional working mothers because they are in the stage of career when a lot of attention i s required by their family and as well for building their professional career. Professional working mothers are defined as those mothers, who manage, develop and invest their professional career throughout the period of rearing their family (Grady McCarthy, 2008). Work-life integration Work and non-work are interdependent and the individuals have to play roles simultaneously or to switch frequently from one role to the other (Wilson et al., 2004). Work role is the professional duties assigned by the organization and non work includes family or domestic duties have to perform for family. Central idea of this research paper is work life integration. Work-life integration is defined that how professional workers incorporate the duties at work place accompanied with the domestic duties along self demands. This belief gained a lot of attraction in the past decade (Metz, 2005, Grady McCarthy, 2008, Valimaki, Lamsa Hiillos, 2009, Peeters, Wattez, Demerouti Regt, 2009, Goodstein, 1994, Glass Estes, 1997, Auster, 2001, Jones McKenna, 2002, Karatepe, 2009, Wilson et al., 2004 Burke, 2004). With rise of industrialization, the agrarian model is now replaced, the conventional role of women expected to take care of the children and men as bread winner is going to be change d (Valimaki, Lamsa Hiillos, 2009, Grady McCarthy). Employees need to confront the work and non-work roles corresponding. Dissolution, interference and conflict between the roles may lead to disorder, burn out, emotional exhaustion (Grady McCarthy, 2008 Peeters, Wattez, Demerouti Regt, 2009), negative health outcome dissatisfaction and emotional dissonance (Karatepe, 2009). The work-family conflict is considered bi-directional (Cohen, 2009, p. 814). Managing multiple tasks at a time may lead towards conflicts from work to family life and from family to work life (Kirrane Monks, 2004). Sense of equilibrium may create by positive spillover, enrichment and facilitation (Glass Estes, 1997, Valimaki, Lamsa Hiillos, 2009). On the other hand women entrance in workforce in last two decades at an precedent pace (Auster,2001), resulted dual-earner and in low gap between male and female (Ahamad, 2002). Females need support from family system and spouse to make an appropriate assimilatio n (Valimaki, Lamsa Hiillos, 2009). The family system and work-life integration for mid-career women It has been proposed that a professional womens career is difficult to be examined without examining her non-work life family system and spouse (Powell Mainiero, 1992). Family, a smallest unit of a society composed of two or more people who are interconnected by marriage, blood or adoption, live together from an economic unit, has basic features of sharing and togetherness (Ahamad, 2002). Two types of household systems, dominant in Pakistan, joint family system, in which women with her husband and children lives with in-laws, and the nuclear family system, in which a woman separately lives with her husband and children (Amir, 2004). A newly married working woman prefers to live in nuclear family system but in child bearing stage this system jeopardizes her life (Aamir, 2004). Due to the lack of day care centers and unreliable servants and maids may make it difficult for the working professional mothers to take care of their dependent children particular in mid-career. In such case joint family system becomes the heart favorite of working professional mothers (Aamir, 2004), which may facilitate and may take care of their children, in their working hours. Woman marries the whole family and she is answerable to other family members(Ahamad,2004), tough responsibilities are on her shoulders, specifically in joint system, leads towards heavy burden when woman is working as professional and as well as an economic hand of her partner. In such case woman may feel dissonance and may prefer nuclear system where number of dependents are less, she needs support from her spouse and work place to continue her professional career. Modern life is leading towards change in roles of women and men due to continuous changes in economic and demographic trends (Ahamad, 2002) The percentage of married couples increased in previous decades, in which both spouses worked full time, a spouse or a partner can provide basic support, include sharing home, parenting responsibilities, encouraging career development, interpersonal support needed by working women (Gordon Whelan-Berrry, 2004). After passing day long activity at workplace may make a working women exhausted and make it thorny for her to take care of children along household duties. In such case professional working women particular in mid-career, where family demands with child rearing are increasing accompanied with career growth. It may become difficult to incorporate both without support from family and work place. In some cases, family and spouse do not facilitate working women but sometimes do really support (Karatepe, 2009). Working professional mother may b e from Joint family system or nuclear family system, necessitate ample support. It may affect in work-life integration. By sharing common interests a flexible spouse enables working woman to manage their career and integrate work and family lives successfully (Valimaki, Lamsa Hiillos, 2009), especially in mid-career where career has already established and women are beyond the parenting of infants and toddlers, finding new challenges in work and personal interest (Gordon Whelan-Berrry, 2004 Grady McCarthy, 2008). Thus, literature indicates when women are in their mid-career, face challenges regarding work-life integration while experiencing new opportunities in advancement of their career, they need to be supported by work place and family system, either joint or nuclear family system. Professional working mothers strive to integrate across the domains and to minimize the gap. This research paper aims to explore the gap that how professional working mothers create balance concerning work, family and individual selves; and how family system affects this integration? The following section indicates research methods used in the current study to address these research questions. Method Qualitative in-depth interviews were carried out with 22 professional working mid-career mothers. The criteria determination for the participants was Professional mid-career working mothers, who joint parenting role along with career advancement Age between 33 to 48, most agreed aged for mid-career in Pakistan With children, at least one dependent child, less than 18 years The sample was chosen by considering convenience and snow-ball sampling. The professional working mothers to whom authors met were asked for further contacts. The sample size of 22 professional working mothers is adequate representation of population of working professional mothers particular in mid-career in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Interviews were based upon 90 to 120 minutes and were audio-taped. Authors transliterated interviews. Table1 presents the sample questions which were asked for exploration. Sector Subject matter Sample questions 1 Responsibilities/dependent care you and your family Tell about yourself, your responsibilities at work place and self demand? How does every day job look like? 2 Amalgamating work and family life Do you find it easy or difficult to manage work, family, school etc at morning? Did you ever feel frustration and think to stay at home full time? 3 The work place-flextime, support, enrichment Is your work place family-friendly for you? Have you availability of any flextime? 4 Career development and promotion-support or barrier Are you on the right path of your career, you ever thought? How did you manage during child rearing? 5 Self-fulfillment and satisfaction Did you approach your value or purpose of mid-career? Do you consider satisfied yourself? 6 Family system Who does take care of your dependents while your working hours? What type of family system may support more mid-career women? Opt out from child day care center, house maid or relatives for your child-care? 7 Other issues Has the study enabled you to think in a different way about your? 8 Demographic data Source: Work-life integration: Experiences of mid career professional working mothers (Grady McCarthy, 2008) The content analysis was the approach used to analyze the data (Bryman Bell, 2003). The qualitative responses were collected, grouped and the concept was examined through the organized analysis of the record. The figure below presents the content analysis framework that was derived. Framework led four subject matters along with four research questions. Further integration of work is illustrated by incorporating values and essence of balance. Final column indicates the responses of the participants towards questions Sphere Themes Description Construct of work-life integration Respondents reference to theme 1. Self-perception in relation to work and family roles Children are a working mothers number one priority. When there was a clear conflict between work and children, participants made choices and children became the priority. Sense of self (assess values, beliefs and purposes) 100% Work and career is very important Career is important for participant they seem stimulation, challenges and enrichment 80% 2. Work-related factors Flexibility is two-way When flexibility is experienced at work it supports commitment and increased productivity in the in the work place in addition to integrating work and family life 60% Changing attitudinal, and social context The changing attitudes and culture in the work place and the social and legislative changes have improved the situation for working mothers Work itself (paid and unpaid) 75% Responsible for ones own career Working mothers took responsibility for their own career at all stages and more particularly now as mature members of the workforce and at mid-career they assess that it is up to them to create their own future direction 93% 3. Merge work Family system Whether joint system help professional mothers for working? Joint family including husbands parents,sisters and brothers are helpful for working mother Sense of balance Choices about time in each sphere 72% Whether Nuclear system help professional mothers for working? Nuclear system excludes members of family except husband,wife and their children is more beneficial or provide support to working woman. 28% 4. Proper Integration Self suffers when work and family become dominant Integrating work and family was a key priority throughout the years with little time for self, but participants found significance in this integration. Integration and balance across work, family and self= work-life integration 80% Paradigm is shifting and needs are changing Merging work and family is getting easier, children are getting older, seaking more time for self- meaning of integration is changing 80% Findings Demographic information and career profile The participants in this study were 22 women in number aged from 33 to 48, fall in mid-career, who endured full time job accompanied with family rearing years. All infatuated nationality of Pakistan. All participants in this paper were interviewed, indicated their marital status as married, with at least one dependent child. Three of the participants had four children; nine of the females accompanied three kids and eight of the respondents possessed two children and two females had 1 child. Seven of the females were living in joint-family system, three of which lived with just mother-in law and father-in law, and other four were living with other relatives as well. Fifteen of the participants lived in nuclear system. One of the females had infants and the children of other women were school-aged or above but at least had one independent child. The women possessed work experience between 8 to 22 years. The targeted sectors were medical, education, makeup industry, telecommunication, nursing and research officers including both public, private and semi-government organizations along with self-employment. Four targeted interviewees were doctors had specialization in different fields, work experience fall from 9 to 20 years. Two of the participants were Ph.D. doctors, fell under the category of research offi cers; eight of the respondents were from education field were working as teachers, generally owned masters degree, as well had some completed short-courses relevant to the fields. Three of the contestants were selected from telecommuting, two from banks and one from beauty salon, preserved 10 to 18 years experience and possessed different relevant short courses. Nine of the women included, were form private organizations, five were from government or public organizations, five were from semi-government and three were the self-employed. One of the respondents, had the nationality of Pakistan but lived 10 years in Madinah, Saudi Arabia and worked as lecturer in the Madinah University, Saudi Arabia for ten years, and shifted to Faisalabad for last five years and running her own school. Self-perception in relation to work and family roles The findings point out that when the family roles as well as work roles spill over each other, the number one priority professional working mothers gave to their children. It is evident from the interviews that females were very disturbed and stressed at their work, regarding their children. Women miss their children at workplace. All women became very emotional when they talked about their children. They are not ready to do compromise over their children. The working mothers focused on giving a quality time to their children. The following statements are the evident of the way of thinking of mothers: Being a mother, my children are my number one priority. I will never let my children neglected due to my career. I have a wish to pursue my career along with performing the duties related to my children as a mother. As a mother, my kids were my main concern. I always tried to give them a quality time rather than a quantity time. Self employed respondents were flexible in their working conditions. They were not bound for any ones order. Such women indicated that the reason for their being self employed was their children. They said that it was difficult for them to give an appropriate time to their children. I am self-employed and running my own school. I rare feel to make an adjustment difficult between children and my career. In case of any accident or sickness of child it is easy for me to take a leave. All women had intense feeling of motherhood. But some women responded that their work as a stimulating factor for them. Females pointed out themselves much active due to their jobs and considered them as idle without job. They had more challenges in their lives so they worked hard and struggled more to accomplish. They identified them as more creative in contrast to non-professional women. In the start of my career, I found it hard to create a balance between work and family. But now I feel myself incomplete without my job. In off days I feel myself very lazy and idle. I even dont wash my face and take bath as I dont have to go at work. My work creates charm in my life. Work related factors: Two-way flexibility is very crucial issue in business organizations. If employers give flexibility to the employees working in an organization, the employees also put more commitment over there. Parental leaves, maternity leaves, flexible working hours, carers leave, job-sharing, may fall under the category of flexible related factors. Flexibility is very important. I am here; the reason is the cooperation from my colleagues at workplace. As yesterday, I had to attend mothers meeting of my younger child. My employer let me to go. As a result, today I am putting my maximum contribution. I am a doctor but instead of doing practice I am teaching at medical college and I got flexibility from the organization to pick my children from their school. My children are quite happy and I am also contented due to that flexibility. Some women pointed out that they had to suffer a lot because of inflexibility of the organization; sometimes it became so difficult for them to run their career during child bearing period. I am an employee of a private organization. During my career I thought many times to leave the job due to inflexibility from my organization specifically during my child bearing stage, I ever got unpaid maternity leaves for only one month. At that stage I became so frustrated due to my child care and had wished to shoot the employer. From previous decade the working trend of the women is increasing and as a result, social, behavioral and attitudinal changes are also emerging. In Pakistan, it was considered strange for the women to go out of their homes for the sake of earning beside their husbands. Now-a-days male colleagues share the responsibilities and contribute to the work with their female colleagues instead of competing with them. I have been working from eighteen years. At start of my career, my neighbors, relatives, and my male colleagues watched me in an unsophisticated way, but now at the stage of my mid-career my peer group specifically included men are very cooperative towards me. Without participation of women, its not easy to bear financial expenses only by male. Now society is more civilized and it is accepting this reality. Women only considered them responsible for their career. They often had to ignore many opportunities just due to their family and child related problems. Women were not willing to leave the city due to their family and spouse. I received much flexibility from my previous organization at Lahore. I was at the promotional stage in that unit of organization. But in case of my husbands promotion in Faisalabad I had to compromise and to leave that unit of organization and made it possible my transfer in other unit of that specific organization in Faisalabad. Now I have to deviate from my smooth career path. I have left many opportunities offered by organization. I dont want to become as part of top management because I dont want to bear burden of work more it may cause to disturb my family. Merging work and family system: As research evidence showed that professional working mothers have much feelings of motherhood and as well they had identified the need to come in professional fields. Women have to leave the job due to negative spillover of work and family roles; they have to leave their jobs (Glass Estes, 1997). There is high importance for them to merge work within their family systems. As indicated before that two most prevalent family systems are joint and nuclear. Professional working females, as part of joint system, pointed that this type of family system showed cooperation with them in their career path. I have been working from fourteen years. I have never felt any type of problem regarding my child care. I leave my children at home and their grandmother takes care of them in a best manner. My children are more confident and bold as compared to my relatives whose mothers are not working. Whenever I go home after completion of job, the happy faces of my children make me fresh. All credit goes to my mother-in-law. I love her. I dont have any problem regarding my children care. I never felt any need of child care center here because our joint family system is the best alternative of such day care centers. I may never feel confidence over the servants and maids as I have trust in my in-laws. Some women indicated that they had to suffer due to joint family system because of the burden of extra responsibilities and domestic duties. Joint family system hinders smooth career path of professional working women. Due to a large amount of domestic responsibilities I lost many opportunities. Financial expenses also increases and I have to give a big portion of my salary to my in-laws. Respondents who lived in nuclear family system mentioned a lot of problems regarding their work and family integration. They mentioned problems regarding their child care and to perform a lot of domestic duties by selves. Working women needed a cooperative spouse. I have to ignore my children when I come to work. I forget work when I reach at home. I wish to have a joint family system at least my children may be in a position to get safety and security because I cant rely on maids. My husbands career is very important and he cannot take leave for children. It is also evident that the working mothers, who lived in a nuclear system, didnt compromise on their careers. They didnt have any responsibilities and bounding from other family members. They indicated much satisfaction because they didnt need to answer anybody. I am thankful to God that I live in nuclear family system, I am very happy in my paradise where there is no interference from typical mother, father, sister and brother in-laws. I am not answerable in front of anybody regarding my actions except my cooperative husband. Support from partner/ spouses were identified as a key element for professional working mothers. A researcher woman pointed that she was nothing without the support from her husband because a supportive husband shared the domestic roles as well. Today I am here due to my husbands support. During my child bearing period I did my Ph.D. related to my field. I did work at home and my husband made it possible to examine my work from my supervisor consecutively. My husband is very cooperative in building my career. Even he does cooking if I am not there. It was reported by all participants that they may only continue their career if support from their families were there. Joint family system was supportive for family emergency time and children care. Research indicated those women who fell under the category of nuclear family system, pointed that they were nothing without their husbands support. Because there was no one at home, work as helping hand in spite of their spouses. Integration of work, family and personal self: Increasing trend of working mothers from the last decade indicated that women were in their mid-career. There felt a need to manage work family and personal selves. But respondent showed that this stage of mid-career they fully focused towards family and work and had forgotten themselves, which is supported by following statement of a gynecologist; Work and family come at first. My profession does not let me to ignore it. I have to remain alert at all times. In such case I find no time for myself. Last day I came to workplace and my coworkers pointed that I was wearing shirt from the wrong side. The participant women showed that they are trying for their values in their lives because at this time of mid-career the financial issues were almost solved and compensation plans are not enough. Their children have also grown up and care for children become easier. The women at their mid-career seek purpose of their lives, their needs are changing. They mentioned that they had past a lot of time with their work and family now they feel need for self care. The following statement proves these views: In the start, my husbands salary was very low, unable to fulfill our financial expenses; I pursued myself towards my career as right hand of my husband. That was tough time when my children required time from my side. But now I have no problem regarding children care or any financial issue. Its now time to focus on me. In summarized form, it is proved from the findings of the whole study that working professional mothers interplay the roles of work and family along with individual selves. Family balance is achieved through the potential, appropriate plan, family system, and workplace flexibility and a network of support. Large proportion of respondents perceived that joint family system helped them for fulfilling career and a sense of achievement. In the start career the most portion of the time, they devoted for work and family. But now in mid-career, self-balance gained a lot of importance. Discussion and conclusion This study explored the experiences of mid-career professional working mothers constructing integration between work, family and selves in the context of Faisalabad, Pakistan. It is examined that how family systems included joint and nuclear, affect them and their career. How these professional working mothers made integration in spite of lot of challenges and what support they require from family system. The lives of professional working mothers are very crucial. They need to run their family and children as number one priority along with significant concern for their career. Mid-career professional working mothers experienced a long time period of time for their work. They created quality in their work, which motivated them for the self-fulfillment. According to Warner and Hausdorf (2009) work-family support negatively affects the individuals stress and leads to satisfaction in different aspects of life, family as well as the job while enhancing more commitment towards their workpl ace. Thats why working professional mothers leads towards the sense of achievement. Now organizations are struggling to better understand the factors, affect the fulfillment of this ever-growing demographic type of mid-career who is filled with intelligence and experience (Ellen R. Auster and Karen L. Ekstein, 2004). The existence of flexible working conditions and flexible working hours are reported as favorable for the working mothers. Schedule flexibility is a boundary-spanning resource that helps workers accomplish both their work and family responsibilities (Carlson, Grzywacz Kacmar, 2010, p. 331). Organizational policies are required to include flex options, for professional working mothers. Women and men particularly who are married, as c